Saturday, October 31, 2015

Considering Types

I read briefly about five different types of arguments. They are position, causal, evaluative, proposal, and refutation. All of them have their strengths and weaknesses but one can be chosen to be the basis of my argument in Project 3!

ClkerFreeVectorImages, "Co-Workers Argument Argue Worker People Yelling" 2014 via pixabay.com CC0 Public Domain Dedication

Reading over a brief description of the five different types of arguments, two particular arguments stood out as a good fit for my project were an evaluative arguments and a position argument. Both argument types draw on established ideas, social constructs or tangible objects to prove their purpose to their audience. A position argument in my subject, nuclear fusion, would defend the position people are taking about the high cost of nuclear fusion and how it might not be worth all that money. While an evaluative argument, might evaluate why a small startup company like Tri Alpha Energy is getting so much monetary support and success in regards to their advancement of their nuclear fusion reactor. 

I thought one of these arguments was not a good fit for my subject and this argument was a causal argument. My main reason for disliking this type of argument was that many of the articles I read about nuclear fusion had this style all ready and I thought that I could differentiate my project's view from their's by first changing how I argue my view in project 3. 

My Rhetorical Action Plan

I have created a rhetorical action plan to put on paper what the rhetorical situation of my project 3 will be. First, I discuss who the audience is because my project will have to address them implicitly or explicitly in a way that connects with them. Second, deciding on which genre I want to emulate in project 3 is important so I will draw inspiration from the sources I have already researched. Lastly, I brainstorm about what reactions, positive or negative, my audeince will have to my rendition of project 3. I explain all of this in detail below.

ClkerFreeVectorImages, "Engineer Architect Person Plans Man Blueprints" 2014 via pixabay.com CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
Audience
  • My audience will have a general knowledge of nuclear fusion and the struggles it has encountered over its long history. I can safely assume that the audience will know about the vast potential nuclear fusion has and the difficulties nuclear fusion scientist and engineers have faced in creating a sustained nuclear fusion reaction. My audience will also hold the belief that nuclear fusion is not a waste of time or money but just a difficult problem that needs to be solved.
  • My audience holds the ideal that protecting the energy future of the world is an important matter and that doing so through sustainable energy sources is the best way forward. Their values are to cultivate a future for their children and their children's children that is secure. Finally, my audience likes to stay informed regarding scientific advancements and where to wisely invest their money for the greatest return.
  • Numbers will persuade my audience as well as quotes from important people that they look up to or base their investments off of. By taking the large amounts of money being spent on nuclear fusion startups and large internationally funded experiment and weighing it with the benefits of a nuclear fusion reactor expressed numerically in many journals and website articles I can accurately portray my point to my audience clearly.
  • Pictures and design diagrams of various nuclear fusion reactor would be interesting to the reader because it would describe the difference between different types of nuclear fusion reactors. Also, graphs of costs and energy outputs of different types of fusion reactors would help the audience engage positively with the text.
  • The purpose of the argument is challenge the belief that nuclear fusion is a waste of time and money. I want to engage my readers in a thought provoking way so that they might take an interest in nuclear fusion like past generations did. By providing my readers with engaging material and explaining a successful future for nuclear fusion my audience will leave with a new opinion about nuclear fusion.
Genre
  • Example 1 (Opinion Piece)
    • The function of this genre is to establish an opinion about a subject, explain it and then convince its readers why it is true. This style is designed to express the author's opinion as well as back it up with evidence to explain why this opinion in the author's mind is the correct one.
    • This is used in blog posts as well as an editorial write-up about a specific subject that the edition is revolving around. 
    • I would use my opinion to appeal to the emotions of my audience to convince them that my opinion is correct. Also, using logos when writing for my audience will allow me to use the facts available to convince my readers of my opinion.
    • This genre doesn't use a lot of graphs but pictures are used sometimes to add context to my opinion.
    • An opinion piece has an informal style to it but keeps the writing formal. It really depends on the website the opinion piece is published on. For instance, a piece published on a blog is more informal than an opinion piece published for the New York Times.
  • Example 2 (Report Journalism)
    • The function of this genre is inform its readers about a subject giving facts from all sides of the subject. Inherently, this type of writing has no explicit mentions of an opinion from the author but some articles do have a slight lean in their writing or style of presenting the material.
    • This style is used at all major new organizations to create articles that inform and interest their readers.
    • Using logos to connect with audience is the way because this highly formal style of writing needs a logical approach to connect with its audience.
    • Using graphs to display the data is the best way to visually represent my subject. Also, specific relevant pictures is a good way to display the subject in an appealing way.
    • The style of Report Journalism is formal because it is written for an audience expecting to hear the facts and very little opinion based writing. The facts are to be written in an expeditious manner that accurately retells the subject so the reader can gain the maximum understanding.
Positive Reactions
  • Increased exuberance in nuclear fusion and use links provided in text to fund nuclear fusion projects.
  • Interest in nuclear fusion grows and other webpages like the ones linked in the text and others get more views as my audience wants to learn more and more.
  • My audience sees the need for more money to be diverted to nuclear fusion and petitions representatives to do so.
Negative Reactions
  • The startups in the text are based off of failed experiments done by other scientists decades before with a lot more money backing them up. What do these scientists hope to do but pocket the venture capitol when the reactor fails to work.
    • These startups are taking a focused approach to each style of reactor they specailize in. Using that data from earlier failures is actually a positive because the engineers can work on fixing the flaws in the design to get closer to the goal of creating a working nuclear fusion reactor. Each of these companies are being supported by heavyweights of buisness like the founder of Paypal, Yahoo and Microsoft so the founders of these companies have their reputations to lose if they steal these venture capitol dollars.
  • Billions and billions of dollars are being spent on nuclear fusion experiments when that money could be used to subsidize solar panels construction and tax incentives for Americans to put solar panels on their roofs.
    • Billions of dollars have been spent of solar panel subsidizes but a lot subsidy money did go to putting solar panels on the roofs of the American middle class but to startups who miss managed the money and ended up losing a majority of it in the hopes of creating solar farms. An example of this mismanagement of tax payer dollars is here.
  • Nuclear fusion is a time drain and money drain it has never worked and these new experiments will not work either.
    • Nuclear fusion has not been properly funded for the past 30 years and perhaps longer as stated in numerous articles therefore and progress that has not been made yet could of been made if the foresight was there from the beginning. Nuclear fusion is an extremely complicated problem but the fact that such power lies within humanity's grasp is to big a reward to simply give up when the monetary and timely cost is high. It is worth the energy, time and monetary support because nuclear fusion can solve humanity's rising energy needs.

Analyzing Purpose

Below is a Coggle I created to help me brainstorm what I could add to the public debate regarding nuclear fusion. After reading various articles from many different websites with varying subjects and genres, I have expanded my knowledge enough to begin to think about insight I could provide to this debate. My Coggle is the first step into shaping what that insight will look like.

(Coggle)

Analyzing Context

Analyzing the context surrounding nuclear fusion will form my argument for project 3. Understanding the various opinions, ideas and controversies surrounding nuclear fusion as well as knowing who are the major players in the nuclear fusion debate culminates in a better understand of the context surrounding the debate about how economical is nuclear fusion.

ClkerFreeVectorImages, "Context Question Direction Meaning Arrow Circle" 2012 via pixabay.com CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
  1. Their are a couple key perspectives surrounding the debate about whether or not nuclear fusion is economically viable. They both are centered around the lack of progress made in the field of nuclear fusion. On one side, scientists argue that not enough money has been set aside for nuclear fusion research which is why nuclear fusion has been in the experimenting stages for so long. On the other side, critics of expenditures on large nuclear fusion projects say that enough money has been spent on nuclear fusion and little progress has been made. They believe that money could be put to better use improving proven clean energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydroelectric.
  2. The major points of contention are the massive amounts of money being dumped into nuclear fusion project like the one currently being built in France which is projected to be finished in 2020 and could cost over 20 billion dollars to complete. As mentioned in this TIME's magazine article, the ITER nuclear fusion project is simply an expensive science project that will never produce anything for society once its use is outlived as a testing ground for nuclear fusion. This is a major point of contention for skeptics of nuclear fusion.
  3. While nuclear fusion does cost extreme amounts of money to simply create the apparatuses that house a nuclear fusion reaction, it is widely accepted that nuclear fusion does have the potential to create large amounts of power at cheap and renewable cost. It is easy to see this agreement in the following two articles: the first article is from the Institution of Engineering and Technology website writes about the gold mine a working nuclear fusion reactor would be because of its widely accessible fuel (seawater) and the amount of power released when the reaction occurs, and this second article is from the New York Times website which explores new start-ups and how these same nuclear fusion ideas are cyclical and have no chance of working explains that nuclear fusion does have the potential to create large amounts of power for cheap.
  4. The people who wish to spend money on proven methods are more conservative in their approach to their expenditure of money and this group are the individuals against the large expenditure of money on nuclear fusion experiments. Their conservative way of spending money influences them to go with an option that has a larger guarantee of success but smaller reward than an option that has a larger reward but smaller guarantee of success. This is the main ideological difference between the two groups on either side of the nuclear fusion debate.
  5. Specifically, in this article from euroscientist.com is suggesting to its audience to take a good look at nuclear fusion and all of the fake promises surrounding it. It is a scathing review of nuclear fusion and slight progress it has made over the past decades of research and experimenting. Next, this article from TIME magazine is suggesting to its audience to give nuclear fusion another chance because these small groups of engineers are working in specific avenues to make nuclear fusion a reality. Two different articles coming from two different viewpoints about the argument of nuclear fusion's relevance.
  6. The best perspective is that nuclear fusion has the greatest potential in regards to creating the most clean and renewable energy. Nuclear energy may be the only way to save Earth from global warming and carbon emissions that are destroying our atmosphere. Nuclear energy is the most viable option to create a world that runs on clean energy. 
  7. The cost of nuclear fusion is the greatest perspective that has a negative effect on my argument. The cost of nuclear fusion has always been a high price but as experiments reach the billions without any progress regarding the actual implementation of nuclear fusion into the energy grid, this prospective gains strength each day scientists do not come through with a breakthrough in nuclear fusion technology.

Monday, October 26, 2015

Audience and Genre

The first audience I think is interested in public debates a nuclear fusion's viability as a major source of clean energy is alternative energy scientists. Their world revolves around creating devices to capture energy from new untapped energy sources. The second audience is economists dealing in energy futures. These people project how new technology is going to affect the market. By keeping up to date on these technologies, economists can determine whether or not providing venture capital funds to small startup companies is worth the investment. My results are found below.

Slmones, Pedro Rlbelro "Reading the weekly newspaper" 01/25/2015 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

1. Alternative Energy Scientists

2. Energy Market Economists

Saturday, October 24, 2015

Project 2 Final Draft Rhetorical Analysis

Here is the link to my final draft of Project 2 Rhetorical Analysis.

Blaha, Karen "Fireworks 1" 09/02/2007 via flickr.com Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic

Narrowing My Focus

The two questions below are my favorites from my earlier post titled "Questions About Controversy". These questions will help form my own view on the controversy of nuclear fusion's potential to be an economically equivalent source of energy to fossil fuels.

Grossalber, Markus "sewing needle with thread" 03/09/2013 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

Is nuclear fusion a safe way to produce power?

This question is important to answer because this is one of the main sticking points of some people's apprehension about the potential use of nuclear fusion as a source of power. Nuclear fission power plants can have meltdowns as seen in the Fukushima power plant meltdown in Japan and wide spread nuclear fallout from disasters like Chernobyl in Ukraine. These disasters have caused a stigma around the word nuclear. By answering the question about whether or not nuclear fusion have major safety concerns will validate any fears about nuclear fusion plants.

What organizations (or other groups) are providing money for nuclear fusion experiments?

Finding an answer to this question would help me discover who the supporters of nuclear fusion are. If certain energy companies are investing millions or billions of dollars into nuclear fusion project knowing who they are would be an interesting topic to write about. Also, taking a look into who is supporting nuclear fusion will also allow me to make a guess to which companies are making a move to gain a foothold in the next generation of energy production.

Punctuation, Part 2

The comma, the colon and end punctuation are the three topics I chose to explore under the Punctuation section of Rules for Writers. Each of these topics have given me grammatical hell throughout my writing career which is apparent in the examples I show below from my analysis paper.

Wentzel, Larry "Punctuation Dinosaur" 07/23/2010 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

The Comma (292)

Obviously a comma is used to separate clauses where it could be potentially confusing for the reader. This is most necessary with the need for a comma after an introductory clause. What was new, was the need for a comma after every item in a series including before the conjunction for the last item in the series. Finally, the use of commas to denote who is the direct object or direct address of a sentence was a new use of commas that I only sort of understood before.

Example 1.


Example 2.


The Colon (319)

A colon is mostly used to show the beginning of a list after explanation of what the list is or is about in an independent clause preceding it. There are a lot of common misuses of the colon such as using a colon between a preposition or verb and its object. Finally, using a colon in between an idiom (for example, etc.) and its object is a misuse of a colon.

Example 1. 

Example 2.

End Punctuation (333)

Reading through this section I came across interesting points about how to accurately use exclamation points and question marks at the end of sentences. For instance, a question mark must be used when an actual question is asked not when one is writing about a question and an exclamation point should be used when there is actual exclamation not when simply writing about a momentous moment. Finally, a big question of mine was answered in this section. When a sentence ends in an abbreviation one should not end a second period after but that period will serve dual purposes in that sentence.

Example 1.


Example 2.


Reflection on Project 2

My Project 2 paper came together at the last minute as I finally understood the meaning of the project and how to effectively explain to my readers how to analyze a piece of writing. Overall this paper was a success but I am still struggling to my best work on the paper because I don't feel like I fully understand what is expected as college writer.

Heidrich, Nadine, "Reflection - Day 96/365" 02/01/2014 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic 


  1. My first draft really focused on the article and it was completely about the article's rhetorical situation. I didn't mention anything about my audience or write in a way that would accommodate my writing. I was unaware of my own rhetorical situation which is what significantly changed from draft one to the final draft. 
  2. My thesis in the first draft was focused on what the article was talking. When I revamped my thesis I spoke about what rhetorical strategies the author used to get across what the article was talking about. This fundamental shift got me on track for what this paper was suppose to be about.
  3. What led me to this shift in my thesis, is that I wasn't on track for what the paper needed to be about. Also, my audience was completely wrong. I was writing for a teacher who understood the material instead of a group of students who need to know how to rhetorically analyze piece of literature. 
  4. This change, I don't think affected my credibility as an author. Instead it made me more credible because the paper was on topic and was better written because of that. Without an on topic paper my readers would have suffered from bad examples in regards to rhetorical strategies and a focus that dealt with only the text instead of the whole rhetorical situation the article was written in. 
  5. The changes addressed the audience more directly and writing in the final draft more geared towards their level of understanding. In the end, the final draft addressed the audience with explicit implicit sentences that clearly analyze why rhetorical strategies of the article were effective or not effective and how that sway the audience one way or the other regarding the purpose of the article.
  6. My first draft was very repetitive. I would analyze a piece a quote for example and then write a one sentence analysis. Then, I attempted to expand upon that first piece of analysis but that second sentence had the exact same meaning as the first bit. In the final draft, I decided to vary up my sentence structure. I analyzed the text with a simple sentence that had no conjunctions. Then I followed the simple sentence with an in depth analysis that was a complex and addressed many ideas.
  7. This change in sentence structure and organization made it clear to the audience right away why they read a sample from the text because they knew what rhetorical strategy it exemplified and whether or not it was effective. Then I dropped that sample into the realm of the article's rhetorical situation to help my audience understand why the rhetorical strategy was effective with the author's targeted audience.
  8. Since this paper was an analysis paper at its heart I really just focused on my paper conforming to the conventions of the essay by providing ample amounts of examples and analysis of these examples. I differentiated from past analysis papers that I have written by using a lot more paraphrasing when trying to grasp the entire paper's organization into a paragraph and still provide analysis. This was my major struggle when trying to conform to the conventions of an analysis paper. 
  9. This process of reflections helps me to identify my identity as a writer because it lets my reflect on what I did in my paper that looking back on it might of been unclear. My identity as a writer I assume is one that needs to be extremely clear with his audience but in doing so is so overly clear that it gets repetitive and therefore confusing. I need to shape my writing in a different way so that I can eliminate my repetitiveness and stick to be super clear.

Extended Annotated Bibliography

Here is the link to my annotated bibliography. I have been researching who the big supporters of nuclear fusion experiments are and how dangerous nuclear fusion can be. These two topics will heavily influence what I argue about in project three.

Roenlgk, Caleb "Writing? Yeah." 03/20/2012 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

Questions About Controversy

The controversy I chose is whether or not nuclear fusion is a viable economic option for the replacement of fossil fuels as a primary energy source.

OpenClipartVectors "Protest Demonstration Communism Fight Fists Girls" 10/24/2013 via pixabay.com CC0 Public Domain
Who?
  1. What organizations are providing money for experiments into nuclear fusion?
  2. Who are the major scientists in nuclear fusion community?
  3. What members of the community are against nuclear fusion technology?
  4. Who are leaders of organizations such as UK Atomic Energy Authority?
  5. Who is Steven Cowley and what is his role in the nuclear fusion debate?

What?
  1. How much power does a theoretical nuclear fusion power plant produce?
  2. How much money does a nuclear fusion power plant cost?
  3. How much time would it take to implement nuclear fusion power plants?
  4. Is nuclear fusion a safe way to produce power?


When?
  1. What is driving the large amount of capital behind experiments with nuclear fusion?
  2. When did nuclear fusion first become theoretically possible?
  3. When did people begin to object to the use of nuclear fusion?
  4. When did lawmakers and others begin to object to large expenditure of money on nuclear fusion experiments?
  5. What are some major advancements within nuclear fusion technology?

Where?
  1. Where is nuclear fusion being tested?
  2. What realms of society (government, social or academic) object the most to nuclear fusion?
  3. Where are some of the privately funded nuclear fusion projects being tested?
  4. Where are some of the publicly funded nuclear fusion project being tested?
  5. Where or which type of media or which websites, news outlets or journals has nuclear fusion been the most debated about from a social and scientific point of view? 

How?
  1. How does Facebook feel about nuclear fusion?
  2. Opinions about nuclear fusion on Twitter?
  3. Professional opinions about nuclear fusion on social media?
  4. Are there any accounts devoted to nuclear fusion on social media?
  5. Is there in-depth analysis of nuclear fusion and its impact on YouTube or other similar sites?

Sunday, October 18, 2015

Paragraph Analysis 2

While I was reading through the body paragraphs of my essay I started to notice a similar trend. I have a formulaic way of writing.  I tend to write a topic sentence, provide a piece of evidence and then write some analysis. While this is neither a weakness or strength it is predictable and I want to revise to change that up a bit somehow. The strengths across my paragraphs were my paragraph length and providing a clear main point. My paragraphs have excellent length and I don't feel I have more to add. Also, my main point is always clear and stated boldly at the beginning of the paragraph. My weaknesses are my lack of clarity in my analysis and my lack of key words and transitional paragraph phrases to tie my points together. I need to weave more of my examples together across multiple paragraphs. I intend to spend time doing that while revising.

CollegeDegrees360. "Schoolgirl with books on her head" 07/12/2012 via flickr.com Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic
Here is the link to my Paragraph Analysis.

Saturday, October 17, 2015

Revised Conclusion

I employed two different strategies when writing my conclusion for this essay. In my original conclusion I answered the question "So what?" with a rhetorical question. This was effective in my mind but confusing as well and I didn't think it got to the point of the essay. My improved conclusion used the strategy circling back. I circled back to the quote I used in my introduction to analyze it as a way to show the skill my audience had learned and why rhetorical analysis is so important when reading academic writing.

Heath, Struart. "Stop" 10/25/2008 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic
Original Conclusion
Cowley's use of contextual examples and organized writing were his most effective rhetorical strategies . Why does his analysis of an obscure opinionated piece of scientific journalism matter? This analysis has explained how to take a deeper look at how an author articulates himself to his audience. The use of rhetorical strategies for instance, that were once a subterfuge, now have been brought to light.  It is easier to understand how this author convinces his readers that his point of view is correct. Throughout your academic career, reading academic literature will always be a way to gain knowledge. However, understanding the rhetorical strategies used by authors and the rhetorical situations that the author was writing in will help you understand the authors motivation and why he chose these strategies to sway his audience. Being able to look past the manipulations that writers use to convince their readers allows a better understanding of the material and lets you come to your own conclusion about the points the author is making. This places you as almost a third party, a reader who sees both sides.

Improved Conclusion
We have just analyzed a piece of scientific journalism written by Steven Cowley.   Now I want to revisit the statistic that introduced this essay.  It mentions that a nuclear fusion power plant could theoretically run on just 112 gallons of fuel.  It then compared that to the amount of gallons purchased by the average American driver in one year, which is 429 gallons. While taking a better look at this statistic, we can assume that a nuclear fusion power plant is not using the same fuel that the average American consumes. It is imperative that this is pointed out because if 112 gallons of unleaded gasoline could power a nuclear fusion power plant we would have heard of this sooner. Looking at this statistic, within its rhetorical situation, we can assume that Cowley is using this statistic to play on the logical of his audience who have been influenced by the context that this was published in. The simple use of rhetorical analysis will expand our understanding of the academic writing we will encounter in our scholarly careers.

Revised Introduction

Below is my revised introduction. I have improved greatly upon the original introduction by following the points in the Student's Guide on pages 52-53. In my original introduction used an ancedote to start the essay and hook the reader. However, in the improved introduction I used a statistic out of the article I am analyzing. This clearly hooked the reader in my opinion and then it provided excellent forecasting to lead the reader in the direction my essay will be taking. I kept the same thesis as before because it is my final thesis.

O' Rourke, Alan. "Too Busy To Improve - Performance Management - Square Wheels" 10/22/2014 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

Original Introduction

Scientists have warned countries that climate change caused by the wide use of fossil fuels has caused the climate to rapidly change. The scientists analysis of the dramatic global increase of average temperature and the increase in sporadic weather patterns has validated their claims.  This has forced companies, large organizations, and countries to invest heavily in renewable resources. One organization, the UK Atomic Authority has garnered support for a nuclear fusion experiment funded by the US, China, India, Russia, and numerous other countries. This global initiative has been realized, planned, and now funded because of a the analysis done by environmental scientists cross the global.  One of these scientists, Steven Cowley, wrote an article about nuclear fusion, called "Is Nuclear Fusion the Best Way to Support Rising Energy Demands?".   Cowley uses rhetorical devices such as contextual examples, use of organized chronological styles, and his own reputation of the CEO of the UK Atomic Energy Authority to effectively sway his audience into believing that nuclear fusion is the only way to create an economy based on sustainable energy.

Improved Introduction

A nuclear fusion power plant is projected to use only 425 kiloliters of fuel in one year (Cowley). This may sound like a high consumption rate but when comparing it to the amount of gasoline the average American uses in a year, the power plant uses significantly less . Statistics show that each year a driver in America purchases a whopping 429 gallons of fuel (eia.gov). But a nuclear fusion power plant uses only 112 gallons of fuel when converted. Theoretically, these power plants could create enough energy to replace the coal, natural gas, and nuclear power plants found in America that powers the homes and businesses we use everyday. Steven Cowley, a professor of physics at Imperial College wrote an article in worldfinance.com about "Is Nuclear Fusion the Best Way to Support Rising Energy Demands?" arguing this point. He employed rhetorical strategies, understanding of his intended audience and the use of logical thinking to convince his readers that nuclear fusion is the only way to run an economy on sustainable energy.  In this paper, we will analyze whether or not Cowley was effective in his use of rhetorical strategies to convey the purpose of the article to his readership. Cowley uses rhetorical devices such as contextual examples, use of an organized chronological based style of writing, and his own reputation as the CEO of the UK Atomic Energy Authority to effectively sway his audience into believing that nuclear fusion is the only way to create an economy based on sustainable energy.

Reflection on Project 2 Draft

I peer reviewed Scott and Sam's rough drafts. They both had an excellent drafts and are on their way to having great final papers. Both of their papers are linked were their names are in the first sentence.

Boardman, Teresa. "Reflections" 07/12/2008 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic
  1. Looking at my rough draft, I do not have a clear identifiable thesis. Instead, I have a vague thesis that is identifiable but not representative of what my paper is about. It however, does point to some specific rhetorical situations like the use of contextual examples and the author's reputation as a nuclear fusion specialist. My thesis does to use logos as an example of a rhetorical situation which is vague. Putting this all together, my thesis is not exactly the most clear it could be therefore it needs some work.
  2. I have decided to organize my essay by focusing each of the body paragraph on a specific strength or weakness the article had in its use of rhetorical devices. Each paragraph will also tie in how this particular device worked with the audience, how the author used it and how effective this device was. In the conclusion, I intend to wrap up the essay with my final thoughts about the entire essay while restates my early points in the body paragraphs. All of my body paragraphs have evidence from the text and I am currently working on good analysis.
  3. I clearly take a look at three of the most important rhetorical devices the author employs in the article and how each of those are effective in the scope of the article in swaying the audience to agree with his purpose. 
  4. I did explain how rhetorical strategies were employed within the article but I did not explain exactly why they were employed. I will do this in the conclusion as well as in the analysis of the various evidence in the text. Also, in the analysis of the text I will talk about how this strategy affects the audience and how it is or is not effective within the text towards convincing the audience of the article's purpose.
  5. I do mention specific examples from the text to use as evidence in the paragraphs about specific rhetorical situations. The evidence is effectively placed because I use it either tell my readers it was an effective rhetorical device or not an effective rhetorical device. 
  6. I do not leave my reader wanting more. There is no punch or specific piece of text that the reader wanting to learn more on their own. Also, I still need to answer the "so what" question because without it  the conclusion has no punch and is just useless.

Friday, October 16, 2015

Punctuation, Part 1

The three topics I read about in Rules For Writer in the punctuation section are unnecessary commas, the semicolon and quotation marks. I read these particular topics because in my past writing I have not properly used commas and semicolons instead I stick them in wherever I pause while I read over my essay. Reading these rules and guidelines about the use of all three topics is particularly helpful as I edit my essay.

Varlan, Horla. "Punctuation marks made out of puzzle pieces" 10/23/2008 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic
Unnecessary Commas- While reading this section about how to avoid using unnecessary commas was particular intrigued to find my most common use of commas listed as a mistake. The use of commas between cumulative adjectives and adverbs is not allowed because it creates confusion in the sentence. Next, I learned that the use of of commas to outline restrictive phrases like modifying the subject of the sentence before the verb modifies it again. These two rules are interesting because I continually break them when I write.

The Semicolon- Within the section regarding semicolons, the use of transitional phrases like "in fact" need a semicolon in front of it. This rule I have disregarded in my writing because I used transitional phrases instead of semicolons when combining independent clauses. Also, I learned to use a semicolon when creating a list if that list may need additional punctuation within it. This is useful to known because it can create clarity in my writing through a punctuation sense.
 
Quotation Marks- While reading through the section, I was interested learning about how punctuation like question marks and exclamation points were handled in the correct grammatical sense when they come at the end of the quotation. In the section it clearly states that quotations with question mark at the end, then a quotation mark and then an in-text citation will be followed by a period. I have always wondered what the correct punctuation was for this occurrence. This will help me as I properly quote throughout my Project two paper.

Reflection

Wednesday, October 14, 2015

Draft of Rhetorical Analysis


MacEntee, Sean. "progress" 12/10/2010 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

Here is the link to my rough draft. This draft in the early stages will remain in outline form simply because it allows me to organize my ideas. Please remember that this is a rough draft and that any comments would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for taking a look at my paper.

Practicing Summary & Paraphrase

Paraphrasing large portions of text that illustrate rhetorical strategies or an author's style of writing is necessary when it comes to writing an analytical essay. Below is a small sample of paraphrasing which I will be using heavily in my analytical essay.


HebiFot. "Magnifying Glass Magnification Larger View Focus" 09/18/2014 via pixabay.com CC0 Public Domain
Original Source:

"But fusion’s potential is simply too great to give up. And, in fact, the progress that has been made in recent years – despite the lack of adequate investment – belies the naysayers. Machines all over the world are reaching fusion temperatures and extending our technological capabilities. The ITER experiment, when it starts up in the early 2020s, will embody those advances, achieving the long-awaited fusion burn – and place us just one step away from the ultimate goal of getting fusion power on the grid in an affordable manner."

My Paraphrase of Original Source:
  • Signal Phrase: "Cowley opinion is clearly explained when he describes the potential of nuclear fusion."
  • Change in language (original- new): Potential- opportunity, investment- finical assistance, capabilities- facilities, affordable- cheap, embody- demonstrate
  • Change in word order and sentence structure: Beginning sentences with subjects instead of conjunctions and using complex sentence structures will distinguish the paraphrase from the original quotation.
  • In-text citation: (Cowley, "Is Nuclear Fusion the best way to support ring energy demands?")
My Summary of the Original Source:

  • Cowley's opinion is clearly explained when he describes the opportunity nuclear fusion presents the world because it will provide cheap energy even though finical assistance has been scarce for experiments to demonstrate nuclear fusion (Cowley, "Is Nuclear Fusion the best way to support ring energy demands?").

Tuesday, October 13, 2015

Draft Thesis Statements

Thesis Statements are the backbone of any essay. A good thesis statement explains in a sentence or two what the entire paper is about and what the reader should expect to find in the following paragraphs. Below are three of my thesis's, that I may use to write my analytical essay about.

Sam. "Writing Thesis" 06/08/2010 via flickr.com Attribution ShareAlike 2.0 Generic
  • In this article, the author uses logic and credibility to validate his well- accepted opinion about nuclear fusion
    • This thesis statement is compact to the point that there are only three points that can be talked about in a major way. These points are his logical approach, credibility, and how these two word to validate his opinion. This provides only three body paragraphs, which is in my opinion, not enough to completely analyze an article in the most constructive way. It would be hard to develop my full analytical essay even though there are a lot of examples of Steven Cowley's logic and credibility 
  • The construction of this argument is built around the context of the article, the logical approach the author takes in writing the article, and the author's credibility. 
    • This thesis statement is a remarkable improvement over the first one. It provides three major points for me to write body paragraphs about and each of these points have numerous examples in the text for me to draw from.  What's difficult about this particular thesis statement is the lack of freedom in the rhetoric to expand beyond the examples and into my own opinion about the author's use of rhetorical strategies to convey his point.  While this thesis would make a good paper, I fear that using this one would limit me from making a great paper. 
  • The purpose of Steven Cowley's article is effective because the use of his reputation, relevant contextual examples and usage of logos to explain his purpose.
    • This thesis statement is the best of the bunch because it contains four major points to write about. His four points being: relevant contextual examples, effective usage of logos, his reputation, and how the use of these validate his opinion.  I believe this thesis will make a better analytical essay because it takes the three best parts of Cowley's writing, explains them and then in a final paragraph shows how Cowley uses those points to portray his opinion. This paper will be easy to develop because each of these points have multiple examples in the text.  However, what will be difficult is explaining myself effectively to the reader on how these three major points work together to validate the authors opinion succinctly.

Edit:
I left a comment on Thomas and Chingiz. Both of their thesis statements were fleshed out well but both lacked an opinion about whether or not the purpose of the article was effectively explained through rhetorical strategies. Thomas had a good road map regarding the direction his essay would take. Chingiz also did this really well but his thesis statements were a little more concise which I like a lot. Reading over my thesis statements, I realized that I don't explain the purpose of my article's effectiveness through use of rhetorical strategies. As well, I was broad about what examples I would be using in my paper that I wrote into my thesis. Besides this, my thesis was well developed and both Thomas and Chingiz wrote some well developed thesis as well. Well done!

Analyzing My Audience

My Audience is the Class of 2020 entering the College of Engineering this fall. These bright, young students are full of new ideas, but a majority of them will share the same viewpoint when it comes to analyzing argumentative articles. Due to this, I as an author, can assume their views and exploit them to teach how to analyze arguments made in the scientific community.

Kmeron. "Audience @LeWeb 11 Les Docks-9306" 12/09/2011 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic
  1. Who am I writing for? What are the audience's beliefs and assumptions?
    • The audience I am writing this analytical essay for are the incoming freshman who will be entering the College of Engineering this fall. My audience's believes and assumptions about analyzing an argument made in engineering are that the argument solely lies in the realm of science. They also assume that these arguments are driven by mathematical proofs, sound models, and large experiments performed by various universities. These freshmen believe that an argument in engineering does not take into account the cultural monetary and social impacts of new systems developed by engineers. 
  2. What position might they take on this issue? How will I need to respond to this position?
    • Incoming freshman might take the position that arguments made in the field of engineering are solely debated from a scientific viewpoint. In my paper, about deconstructing an argument made in the field of engineering, I will respond to the position of incoming freshman by exposing them to the cultural, monetary, and social views that new systems created by engineers are looked at through. By providing these examples, incoming freshmen will realize that engineering is a part of a larger world, and that everything is connected. 
  3. What will they want to know?
    •  They will want to know how the author constructed their argument, what rhetorical strategies were utilized to convey the author's point, the position the author took on the subject, and how that position framed their argument. 
  4. How might they react to my argument?
    • I am arguing that opinionated, scientific articles, written by established engineers, do not simply view their subject through a scope of science but appeal to their reader using a variety of views and a mixture of logical, emotional pleas.  The audience will react to the argument with a mixture of hesitation. 
  5. How am I trying to relate to or connect with my audience?
    • I try to connect with my audience by affirming their beliefs, and then adding my own. That way, my audience finds my deconstruction of the article to be logical and credible, as well as informative. By relating to my audience I can gain their trust and then expand upon their original view. 
  6. Are there specific words, ideas, or modes of presentation that will help me relate to them in this way?
    • Emphasizing the author's heavy use of logic in the article
    • Using specific engineering jargon to engage eager to learn freshman

Edit:
I commented on Clay and Mark's posts. Both posts were excellent and were well developed. Although mine was just as well developed in comparison to their posts; they did an especially good job when it came to what words, ideas and modes of presentation they would use to connect with the audience. Mark, in particular, is going to write his paper in an academic tone and in the style of high school essays to engage the new freshman in familiar way. Clay, on the other hand, is going to use technical words and logic based ideas to engage his audience. Each post prompted me to go back and re-examine how I can use similar or other ideas, words and modes of presentation to connect with my audience. In conclusion, Clay and Mark did an excellent job on their posts and in turn, helped inform me on better ways to connect with my audience.

Cluster of " Is nuclear fusion the best way to support rising energy demands?"


OpenClipartVectors. "Check Correct Green Mark Tick" 10/13/2014 via pixabay.com CC0 Public Domain
In my cluster, I expanded on three topics that the author used as strategies to connect with his reader. I touched upon the rhetorical strategies the author used to prove his credibility, knowledge of the subject and therefore the validity of his opinion. Then, I expanded on the specifics in the article such as its message, the context the article is written in and who the author is. Finally, taking a look at the cultural values and ideologies the author has that were apparent in the article. Each of these topics help to understand how and why the argument was made in the article.

Link to Coggle.


Project 2 Outline

I took a lot of advice from the thesis and conclusion part of the reading. In the thesis part of the reading, the author mentions that in a rhetorical essay you must answer this question, "What do we observe or understand about the ways it tries to persuade its audience?" (122) for the reader. Looking over my thesis statement after reading this I was able to better form my thesis into what will be the thesis I craft my essay around. Transitioning to the conclusion section of the reading, my biggest take away was writing my conclusion in a way that doesn't simply restate the thesis. Writing my conclusion to open the reader to a different way of looking at things, the things in this paper being understand the strategies used by an author to express their point to their readers. I will definitely keep that advice in mind as I write my conclusion.

Sane, Ian. "Riding a Good Outline" 06/29/2014 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic
Introduction
  • Grabber

  • Thesis Statement
    • The purpose of Steven Cowley's article is effective because the use of his reputation, relevant contextual examples and usage of logos to explain his purpose.
      • This is a super rough thesis statement
  • Background
    • Audience
      • Incoming College of Engineering students
    • Author
      • Steven Cowley is the CEO of UK Atomic Energy Authority.
    • Text
      • Steven Cowley writes about nuclear fusion and its potential to be a great way to produce energy for future generations
Body Paragraph 1
  • Topic Sentence
    • Steven Cowley is a credible source of information regarding nuclear fusion because he has had extensive schooling and experience in his profession, thus solidifying the purpose of the piece. 
  • Example 1.
    • "Steven Cowley is CEO of the UK Atomic Energy Authority and Professor of Physics at Imperial College London"
  • Example 2.
Body Paragraph 2
  • Topic Sentence
    • Contextual examples used throughout the article affirm Cowley argument which effectively communicates the purpose.
  • Example 1.
    • "This December, world leaders will gather in Paris for the United Nations CLimate Change Conference, where they will attempt- yet again- to hammer out a global agreement to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions."
  • Example 2.
    • "But in a sunny corner of Southern France, a global megaproject is coming together that will, for the first time, test the technology on an industrial scale, creating the first controlled fusion burn."
Body Paragraph 3
  • Topic Sentence
    • The organization of this article helps demonstrate the purpose because it presents the information that backs up claim in logical, simplified way.
  • Example 1.
    • Cowley presents the reader with a challenge the world as whole is facing and then provides a solution he believes is the best answer to that challenge.
  • Example 2.
    • Cowley goes on to provide an explanation of nuclear fusion is, large scale publicly funded and privately funded nuclear fusion experiments being done and why nuclear fusion is the best answer to the global problem of rising carbon emissions.
Conclusion
  • Cowley's organization of his ideas is the most effective part of the article because it explained his purpose the best. However, the use of his reputation throughout the article was lacking simply because it did not add any effective rhetoric towards explaining his purpose beyond being a point for people to connect with.

Sunday, October 4, 2015

Analyzing Rhetorical Strategies in "Is nuclear fusion the best way to support rising energy demands?"

Rhetorical strategies are used by authors to connect with his or her's audience so the message the article, book, poem, paper or any opinion based piece is illustrated as effectively as possible. Without connecting with audience the entire piece of literature can become dull and unread by its intended audience which is not the intended effect. Below are the strategies used Steven Cowley in his article about nuclear fusion (Find it here).

Martin, Tristan. "Chess with champagne !" 10/25/2009 via flickr.com Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic
Appeals to Credibility
  1. Dr. Cowley uses his knowledge of nuclear fusion technology and he appealed to belief that people have about the need for renewable energy to become a major producer of our energy needs. He used these strategies so the reader knows that the author understands what he is writing about. Also, by appealing to his audience's belief that renewable energy is necessary helps the author because audiences are more likely to find him credible.
  2. The audience is first introduced to the author through his knowledge of world events surrounding renewable energy and his knowledge of experiments being done by a conglomerate of scientists funded by the biggest nations in the world. His knowledge of fusion reactions is unparalleled and that is noticeable through his ability to explain what is going in this field.
  3. The use of Dr. Cowley's knowledge in the post and his use of the audiences belief is effective because it draws the audience in to the article. Once the audience is there, Cowley uses his knowledge to inform his readers of new developments in fusion reactions and why these so important. Without his vast knowledge and his well placed position in life to be in the know about certain events in the nuclear fusion reaction world the article would not be as effective.
  4. Dr. Cowley is bias because his job is the head of atomic energy in the UK. Without the large amounts of money being funded to nuclear fusion research there would be no job for him. So his appeal in the article that nuclear fusion is the way forward in the move from fossil fuels to renewable energy in our global economy is a bias statement by him even if it is true.
Appeals to Emotion
  1. Dr. Cowley uses shocking statistics about nuclear fusion's cost, some of the variables necessary to create nuclear fusion and the amount of time it has taken to get to this point in nuclear fusion technology. Cowley also uses a tone in the latter part of the article to instill some hope and fear regarding nuclear fusion and how it is a dream which cuts both ways.
  2. Dr. Cowley is attempting to create a sense of hope about nuclear fusion but also a sense of despair regarding a reality where fossil fuels are no longer in great supply and a majority of our economy energy comes solar and wind which is not as reliable as power plants continually creating energy.
  3. There is definitely a sense of wonder and hope that is brought up when nuclear fusion is talked about in this article. The amount of money and time spent on nuclear fusion is staggering but Cowley couples these two facts with the potential nuclear fusion has. 
  4. This emotion is effective in the article because the audience is looking for why they should support nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion has been an unreachable goal for so long that this positive look at the possibility of nuclear fusion is exciting.
  5. The emotional aspect of the article does not noticeable affect the credibility of author because the article is written with a certain level of formality that it never strays from. There is no humor in the article either so the emotional aspect is the only human touch the article has. The opinions have the emotion and it keeps the article credible because the facts are not misinterpreted by his emotion.
Appeals to Logic
  1. As I mentioned before, Cowley uses a variety of statistics to help the reader comprehend nuclear fusion technology. He also uses a logical flow in his article to transition from a global conference on renewable energy, to the acquisition of funds for a variety of publicly funded nuclear fusion to project, to privately funded nuclear fusion project and finally, to why should we care about nuclear fusion and its potential. At each one of these topics, Cowley describes what is going and why its important which helps the reader understand what is going on with  nuclear fusion in the next few years.
  2. He is trying to inform his readers of the future of nuclear fusion and how scientists are going to accomplishments their goals to advance nuclear fusion into the next major energy producer. He also wants to inform his readers about the pros of using nuclear fusion technology. So, by using a logical flow in the article. Readers will be informed of upcoming nuclear fusion projects, what is driving the increased experiments into nuclear fusion and why all this money is being spent on nuclear fusion. By the end of the article Cowley wants his readers to be excited about fusion and wanting their legislators to spend more money on it.
  3. The actual result is the readers of the article are informed about new goals put out by the UN to combat climate change, new experiments being done to create nuclear fusion reactors that can cheaply provide clean energy and why we need to have clean energy in surplus and why it has to come from nuclear fusion reactors. However, I think he does little to excite his readers about nuclear fusion beyond its extreme upsides which he mentions briefly all considering. 
  4. The strategy is effective because numbers engage these particular readers quite well I believe simply because someone reading about new nuclear fusion experiments will have an interest in science and therefore I can assume they know how to read numbers. Finally, the use of tone in the opinion portions of the article are the most effective because they draw the reader into Cowley's opinion about the need for nuclear fusion reactors to power humanity into a clean energy based economy.
Edit:
Cynthia and Tyler posts were interesting and informative. Reading through Cynthia's post I thought she did a great job explaining the author's credibility and how it was validating through various rhetorical strategies. Looking through my own post, I could of providing some actual evidence to the rhetorical strategies used the author to determine his credibility. Also, she found a lot more rhetorical strategies. If I was to go through my post again I would find some more rhetorical strategies that my author used validate his credibility. Tyler also did some great analysis of strategies used to appeal to the emotion of the audience. What I really liked though and what I will do is examine whether or not Pathos, Ethos or Logos were even a major part of the article. Great job to both of them!

Analyzing Message in "Is nuclear fusion the best way to support rising energy demands?"

Steve Cowley's message in "Is nuclear fusion the best way to support rising energy demands?" is to express the idea that nuclear fusion is in fact the only way to meet the energy demands of humanity. He points to specfic expieremtns being done to hopefully make nuclear fusion plants a viable source of clean energy. But Cowley, is not ignorant of the extreme difficulties scientists have been having trying to make nuclear fusion viable and produce more energy than it takes to create. Still, he advocates for more money and research to be devoted to nuclear fusion because of its great potential.

Cowley does little to inform the reader of what the science is behind nuclear fusion which is what confuses people about nuclear fission reactors and nuclear fusion. Also, he also doesn't try to use language to move the reader in a certain direction regarding the topic. Instead, he uses science and his opinion to reflect on nuclear fusion and its possibilities because Cowley assumes his reader agree with his assessment that renewable is necessary for humanity to continue to move forward.

Anna, "records" 09/02/2007 via flickr.com Attribution 2.0 Generic

Finally, the layers his message of the need for nuclear fusion with the continued survival of humanity in its present state. With nuclear fusion and that sustained energy source, humanity would come to rely on good weather, steady winds and ocean currents which are unpredictable at best to power an economy that runs 24/7. He equates humanities return to the dark ages with the inability of scientists to produce a cost effective nuclear fusion reactor. This extreme language is how he gets his point across in the final paragraph of his article.

Analyzing My Own Assumptions

Below are my opinions, values and ideas about the nuclear fusion becoming a major energy producer in humanity's economy. My beliefs are what framed my opinion about the article so examining myself is important when analyzing the article critically.

steinchen, "renewable energy field of rapeseeds oilseerape" 08/11/2010 via pixabay.com Creative Commons CC0
  1. Beginning with Teddy Roosevelt's Land Act which conserved land for future generation and when protecting the environment really fit its strike in the late 60s and early 70s, protecting the environment has weighed on the minds of conscience citizens across the world. Reducing carbon emission, protecting clean water sources from toxic chemicals and finding alternative energies are some of the few ways humanity has tried to preserve the environment. This text was written with the frame of mind to find new energy sources to become renewable. I share the values that this text was written in. I agree that new energy sources need to found to power our economy because fossil fuels are finite source. Find energy sources that are abundant and renewable like nuclear fusion will be the pinnacle of known renewable energy sources. It provide sustained energy which no other renewable sources can do as of now.
  2. I do not agree that fusion technology is the only renewable source that can be used effectively to power a majority of the world's economy. Advances in solar panel technology and the effectiveness of solar farms in areas with lots of sunlight coupled with a nuclear fission reactor is providing over 50% of the power in Arizona. This can duplicated in other parts of the world to create economies which rely on more renewables for power.
  3. This article is written by a Western scientist educated in London and on was on the faculty at UCLA. He writes in a way that I understand culturally and agree with almost completely.
  4. This was written less than a month ago and it is speaks about the future of nuclear fusion technology. So, societies beliefs have not changed greatly about the prospect of renewable energy replacing fossil fuels and which renewable sources the energy with come from.

Edit:
Charles and Ann Emilie were the posts I reviewed. While I was reading over Ann Emilie's post, I was impressed by her ability to self-reflect about the culture she is apart of and how the author who is from a different region of the country might have a different take on things culturally. It makes me reflect on my opinions regarding fusion compared to those of the author of my article. Charles and I had very similar answers to our questions which made me think whether or not I found an  article with enough opinion in it. Great job by both Charles and Ann Emilie!

Saturday, October 3, 2015

Analyzing My Text's Cultural Setting

Below is the Cultural Setting my article is written in. Pardon the pun, but the climate our economy is under has forced the government and industry to conform to what scientists, consumers and voters are worried about which is dwindling amount of fossil fuels and the rapid global warming that is affecting the entire world. That is the global climate and below is how this setting affected the piece.

SpaceX Photos, "CRS-4" 09/14/2014 via flickr.com Public Domain Dedication
  1. This article was written September 16, 2015 by Steven Cowley. Steven Cowley is a professor of physics at Impreial College in London, Head of EURATOM / CCFE Fusion Association and the CEO of UK Atomic Energy Authority. Dr. Cowley is obviously well respected with in the atomic energy field and because of his expertise he was chosen to this article. Throughout the article he mentions the need for renewable energy, the UN Climate Change Council and the increase use of renewable energy. The idea of renewable energy becoming the predominate source of humanity's energy needs is the core idea of the article. Dr. Cowley simply submits that a majority of humanity's energy will come from nuclear fusion plants like the ones funded by international cooperation. Also, the laws put in place through mandates agreed upon at UN Councils like the one above is apart of our culture now and Dr. Cowley is responding as the face of nuclear fusion community to come up with a way to meet the goals these mandates set. These are the ideas and laws of our culture driving this article.
  2. Dr. Cowley directly mentions what the UN Climate Change Council expects and then provides direct examples of fusion experiments being tested how to create viable fusion reactors that are cheap enough for the average consumer to buy electricity from. He also mentions, directly, the need for fusion reactions to become viable so it can compliment other renewable energy sources. At the end of the article, Dr. Cowley does provide some narration about what would happen if nuclear fusion reactors are not viable when humanity's supply of fossil fuels begins to dwindle. This is an indirect way, Dr. Cowley uses to get his point across by using our culture's fear of no energy.
  3. It is supportive of the idea of an economy completely run on renewable energies. He only seeks to refine the public's understand of nuclear fusion technology because he believes it is the best way to provided renewable energy in the future on a consistent basis.

Cultural Analysis of "Is nuclear fusion the best way to support rising energy demands?"

         The text I chose to analyze is titled, "Is nuclear fusion the best way to support rising energy demands?". Fusion reactions and renewables are two cultural keywords that pop up a lot in the article above. The thesis of the document is to explain the brand new international science experiment funded by China, India, the U.S. and other countries in the hope of making a sustainable nuclear fusion plant and to show the reader why nuclear fusion is so important for humanity's insatiable need for energy. The use of the key word renewables is important for the argument the article is making because renewables refers to renewable energy which is forcing a change in the economy. With the concern over the changing climate, consumers are demanding their power to come from clean sources. Governments have also responded by passing legislation that forces industry to conform to new, energy saving and clean ways of doing business. Renewables also allows other key word, fusion reactions, to become the focus of the article. The thesis is built around clean energy providing the power to drive the economy and that clean energy coming from a nuclear fusion reactor. Nuclear fusions is the type of power the article is advocating to be used as a clean way to produce energy. These two key words provide an idea for the reader to latch on to and agree or disagree with what the author has to say about these two ideas.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, "Preamplifier at the National Ignition Facility" 08/02/2012 via wikimedia.org Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License